Genetic engineering came as a natural result of two scientific revolutions: the discovery of the secrets of DNA and the discovery of restriction enzymes that cut DNA at specific sites. The first revolution began when the scientists discovered that the DNA is the genetic material, and then discovered its chemical composition (two strips of sugar and phosphate and the four nitrogen bases, namely: adenine, guanine, cytosine and thiamine), and these tapes take the form of snails, and there are certain points in these two tapes meet And each bar carries the complete information necessary to control the building of the proteins needed to guide vital information, whose total interaction ultimately leads to the formation of the living organism and its various biological functions. It was followed by the discovery of the secrets of the genetic code (which follows the nitrogen bases in words and sentences that store genetic information in a preserved archive responsible for the life of the living organism from germination to death, and genes) and decode them. Thus he was able to read and recognize the code of each gene, then synthesize it, get it from DNA extraction from any living organism, or even viruses, and then perform genetic surgery by rearranging it in blades.
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Genetic Engineering