Two of the more than five billion women, men and children living on Earth are the same, and the same applies to plants, animals and microorganisms. The infinite biological diversity found in all living organisms - or, more precisely, genetic stock - is the cornerstone of genetic engineering. The rediscovery of the laws of Grego Johan Mendel earlier this century helped to increase understanding of the root of genetic diversity . The main phenomena in this process are separation and change and then gene reassembling, and these three processes together generate opportunities for massive genetic diversity in living organisms. In the past more than 10,000 years ago, the existence of genetic diversity has enabled humans to choose plants such as wheat, barley and rice from wild plants to grow. This was followed by an improvement of these crops by selection from naturally produced diversity. Since the beginning of this century, planned hybridization techniques have been used, followed by the introduction of genetic and biological changes in order to create new structures. Hybridization has also become a way to increase the growth of crops and animals, a phenomenon known as hybridization.
It was the identification of the genes for a type of semi-dwarf wheat plant in Japan and rice in China in the 1940s that provided raw materials for the green revolution seen in these two crops in Asia in the late 1960s. Thus, biodiversity has become the basis for the continued improvement of plants, animals and microorganisms of interest to agriculture, industry and medicine.
James Watson and Francis Crick have opened the field of genetic engineering for 40 years when describing the double helical structure of the DNA molecule. Since then, attention has shifted to the study of the molecular basis of genetic diversity, and to the unification of methods that can help to form new genetic groups through genetic manipulation, recombinant DNA techniques and cloning. These technologies have opened up a new world of genetic engineering that leads to the production of genetically modified organisms, that is, containing a DNA material that has been artificially introduced into it from another organism not associated with it.
It was the identification of the genes for a type of semi-dwarf wheat plant in Japan and rice in China in the 1940s that provided raw materials for the green revolution seen in these two crops in Asia in the late 1960s. Thus, biodiversity has become the basis for the continued improvement of plants, animals and microorganisms of interest to agriculture, industry and medicine.
James Watson and Francis Crick have opened the field of genetic engineering for 40 years when describing the double helical structure of the DNA molecule. Since then, attention has shifted to the study of the molecular basis of genetic diversity, and to the unification of methods that can help to form new genetic groups through genetic manipulation, recombinant DNA techniques and cloning. These technologies have opened up a new world of genetic engineering that leads to the production of genetically modified organisms, that is, containing a DNA material that has been artificially introduced into it from another organism not associated with it.
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Genetic Engineering