Antegrade pyelography:
- A- Ultrasound is helpful in doing the procedure.
- B- show the level of the obstruction.
- C- is contra indicated in children.
- D- should be done under screening.
I'll craft a response combining the strengths of previous answers and addressing potential issues:
Antegrade pyelography (APG):
- Ultrasound is helpful in doing the procedure (A):
True. Ultrasound imaging is often used to locate the kidneys precisely before needle insertion during an APG. This ensures accurate targeting and minimizes risks.
- Shows the level of the obstruction (B):
True. A contrast dye is injected into the collecting system during APG. X-ray images (often fluoroscopy) are then taken, revealing the dye's flow and pinpointing any blockages within the upper urinary tract (kidneys and ureters).
- Is contraindicated in children (C):
Not necessarily always contraindicated, but with caution. While APG can be performed on children, their smaller size and potential for increased radiation sensitivity necessitate careful consideration by the doctor. Other imaging options with lower radiation exposure, such as ultrasound or intravenous pyelography (IVP), might be preferred initially.
- Should be done under screening (D):
False. Screening implies a general check-up, whereas APG is a diagnostic procedure used to investigate specific suspected abnormalities in the upper urinary tract.
In summary:
- Ultrasound plays a crucial role in guiding needle placement for APG.
- APG effectively visualizes blockages within the upper urinary tract.
- APG in children requires a doctor's evaluation of risks and benefits compared to alternative imaging methods.
- APG is a diagnostic tool, not a general screening procedure.
